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Hermann Hesse
A short biography
1877 - On July 2nd, a son is born in Calw/Württemberg to the Baltic missionary and later head of the "Calwer Verlagshaus" (Calw Publishing-House) Johannes Hesse (1847 - 1916) and his wife Marie widow of Isenberg, nee Gundert (1842 - 1902) elder daughter of the well-known India expert Herman Gundert.

 1881-1886 - Hesse lives with his parents in Basle, where his father teaches at the "Basler Mission" and in 1883 obtains Swiss nationality (previously Russian nationality.

1886 - 1889 - The family returns to Calw.

1890 - 1891 - Grammar school in Göppingen in order to prepare for the Württemberg State Examination (July 1891) which is a requirement for a free education to become a Protestant clergyman in the "Tübinger Stift". As a State Scholar Hesse has to give up his Swiss civil rights so in November 1890 his father acquires the Württemberg citizenship for him (as the only member of the family).

1891 - 1892 - Seminarist of the Protestant Monastery Seminar in Maulbronn (from Sept 1891 on), from which he escapes after the 7th month.

1893 - He passes the "Einjährig-Freiwilligen-Examen" (one year-optional-exam) in the Grammar School of Cannstatt (in July).

1894 - 1895 - Trainee at the Calw church clock factory for 15 months.

 1895 - 1898 - Book dealer apprenticeship in Tübingen (book dealer Heckenhauer), first publication of the poem Das deutsche Dichterheim in Vienna. The first publication of a book Romantische Lieder appears in October 1898.

1899 - Beginning of the draft of his novel Schweinigel. In September move to Basle.

1900 - He begins to write articles and reviews for the "Allgemeine Schweizer Zeitung" which gave him more than his books a certain local reputation which very much supported his socializing.

1901 - Die Hinterlassenen Schriften und Gedichte von Hermann Lauscher are published by Grote, Berlin dedicated to his mother who died just before publishing.

1903 - In May engagement to Marie Bernoulli, just before that he finishes the draft of the Camenzind manuscript, which Hesse sends to Berlin by invitation of S. Fischer publishers. From October on he writes down Unterm Rad in Calw.

 1904 - Peter Camenzind is published by S. Fischer in Berlin. Marriage to Maria Bernoulli and move to Gaienhofen at Lake Constance. Freelance author and writer for numerous papers (Münchner Zeitung, Württemberger Zeitung, Simplicissimus)

1905 - Birth of his son Bruno.

1906 - Unterm Rad published by S. Fischer, Berlin. Setting up of the magazine "März". Until 1912 Hesse is co-publisher.

1909 - Birth of his second son Heiner in March

1910 - Gertrud published by Albert Langen in Munich.

1911 - Birth of his third son Martin in July. From Sept. to Dec. trip to India with his friend, the painter Hans Sturzenegger.

1912 - Hesse leaves Germany for good and moves together with his wife and children to Bern, into the house of his dead friend, the painter Albert Welti.

1914 - Roßhalde published in March by S. Fischer, Berlin. At the beginning of the war Hesse volunteers but is considered unfit for service and is assigned to the German Embassy in Bern. Numerous political essays, admonitions, letters to the public, etc in German, Swiss and Austrian papers and magazines.

1915 - Knulp published by S. Fischer, Berlin, Musik des Einsamen new poems published by Eugen Salzer Heilbronn, Schön ist die Jugend published by S. Fischer, Berlin.

 1916 - Death of his father. The beginning schizophrenia of his wife and illness of his youngest son lead to Hesse`s nervous breakdown. First psychotherapeutical treatment by J. B. Lang, scholar of C. G. Jung.

1917 - Hesse is advised to stop his journalism on contemporary issues. First use of nom de plume Emil Sinclair. Draft of Demian.

1919 - Breaking up of the Bern household. Separation from his wife who is in a mental institution. Leaving his children with friends. In May move to the Casa Camuzzi in Montagnola/Ticino where he lives until 1931. Demian is published by S. Fischer, Berlin under the nom de plume of Emil Sinclair.

1920 - Gedichte des Malers published by Seldwyla, Bern. Klingsors letzter Sommer published by S. Fischer, Berlin.

1921 - Ausgewählte Gedichte published by S. Fischer, Berlin. Crisis with an unproductivity of almost 11/2 years between the drafts of the first and second part of Siddhartha. Psychonalysis with C. G. Jung.

1922 - Siddhartha published by S. Fischer, Berlin.

1923 - In July divorce from Maria Bernoulli.

1924 - Hesse obtains Swiss citizenship once more. Marriage to Ruth Wenger.

1925 - Kurgast published by S. Fischer, Berlin.

1926 - Hesse is elected a foreign member of the department of creative writing of the Prussian Academy of Arts, which he leaves again in 1931: I have the feeling that, in the event of a next war, this academy will contribute a lot to the group of those 90 or 100 prominent figures, which, as in 1914, will deceive the people by order of the government about every vital issue.

1927 - Die Nürnberger Reise und Der Steppenwolf are both published by S. Fischer, Berlin in time for Hesse`s 50th birthday. By request of his second wife Ruth, whom he married in 1924, their divorce takes place.

1930 - Narziß und Goldmund published by S. Fischer, Berlin.

1931 - Move within Montagnola into a new house, built for him by H. C. Bodmer, and which is at his disposal for the rest of his life. He weds the arts history expert Ninon Dolbin, nee Ausländer, who is from Czernowitz.

1932 - 1943 - Hesse writes Das Glasperlenspiel.

 1934 - He becomes a member of the Swiss Club of Poets for better protection from the Nazi cultural policies and for more efficient possibilities of intervention for emigrated colleagues.

1935 - Politically enforced division of the S. Fischer publishers into a German part (managed by Peter Suhrkamp) and the Emigration Publishing Company of Gottfried Bermann Fischer whom the Nazis wont`t allow to take the publishing rights of Hermann Hesse`s works abroad.

1936 - Hesse nevertheless has his hexameter poetry Stunden im Garten published by Bermann Fischer`s Exile Publishing Company in Vienna. First personal meeting with Peter Suhrkamp in September.

1937 - Gedenkblätter und Neue Gedichte brought out by S. Fischer, Berlin.

1939 - 1945 - Hesse's works are declared undesirable in Germany. Unterm Rad, Der Steppenwolf, Narziß und Goldmund und Eine Bibliothek der Weltliteratur cannot be reprinted any more.
Therefore the Gesammelte Werke in Einzelausgaben, which S. Fischer had started to print have to be continued in Switzerland by the publishers Fretz & Wasmuth.

1942 - S. Fischer Publishers are denied printing permission for Das Glasperlenspiel.

1943 - Fretz & Wasmuth, Zürich, publish Das Glasperlenspiel.

1944 - The Gestapo arrests Peter Suhrkamp, Hesse's publisher.

1946 - Hesse's works can now be published in Germany again, to begin with by "Suhrkamp Verlag vorm. S. Fischer", from 1951 on by Suhrkamp Verlag Frankfurt/Main.
Goethe prize of the city of Frankfurt/Main.
Nobel prize.

1950 - Hesse encourages and enables Peter Suhrkamp put up his own publishing-house, which takes place in July.

1951 - Späte Prosa und Briefe come out at Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/Main.

1952 - Gesammelte Dichtungen in 6 volumes are published by Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/Main as a presentation gift for Hesse's 75th birthday.

1954 - Piktors Verwandlung published by Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/Main.

1955 - Peace prize of the German Bookdealers.

1956 - Foundation of the Hermann Hesse prize by the support group of the Deutsche Kunst Baden-Württemberg e. V.

1962 - Hermann Hesse dies in Montagnola, Ticino, on August 9th.

Excerpts from the chronological table in Suhrkamp pocket books.


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