| 1877 - On July 2nd,
a son is born in Calw/Württemberg to the Baltic missionary and later head of the
"Calwer Verlagshaus" (Calw Publishing-House) Johannes Hesse (1847 - 1916) and
his wife Marie widow of Isenberg, nee Gundert (1842 - 1902) elder daughter of the
well-known India expert Herman Gundert. 1881-1886 - Hesse lives with
his parents in Basle, where his father teaches at the "Basler Mission" and in
1883 obtains Swiss nationality (previously Russian nationality.
1886 - 1889 - The family returns
to Calw.
1890 - 1891 - Grammar school
in Göppingen in order to prepare for the Württemberg State Examination (July 1891) which
is a requirement for a free education to become a Protestant clergyman in the
"Tübinger Stift". As a State Scholar Hesse has to give up his Swiss civil
rights so in November 1890 his father acquires the Württemberg citizenship for him (as
the only member of the family).
1891 - 1892 - Seminarist of the Protestant Monastery Seminar in
Maulbronn (from Sept 1891 on), from which he escapes after the 7th month.
1893 - He passes the "Einjährig-Freiwilligen-Examen" (one
year-optional-exam) in the Grammar School of Cannstatt (in July).
1894 - 1895 - Trainee at the Calw church clock factory for 15 months.
1895 - 1898 - Book dealer apprenticeship in Tübingen (book dealer
Heckenhauer), first publication of the poem Das deutsche Dichterheim in
Vienna. The first publication of a book Romantische Lieder appears in
October 1898.
1899 - Beginning of the draft of his novel Schweinigel.
In September move to Basle.
1900 - He begins to write articles and reviews for the
"Allgemeine Schweizer Zeitung" which gave him more than his books a certain
local reputation which very much supported his socializing.
1901 - Die Hinterlassenen Schriften und Gedichte von Hermann
Lauscher are published by Grote, Berlin dedicated to his mother who died
just before publishing.
1903 - In May engagement to Marie Bernoulli, just before that he
finishes the draft of the Camenzind manuscript, which Hesse sends to
Berlin by invitation of S. Fischer publishers. From October on he writes down Unterm
Rad in Calw.
1904 - Peter Camenzind is published by S. Fischer in
Berlin. Marriage to Maria Bernoulli and move to Gaienhofen at Lake Constance. Freelance
author and writer for numerous papers (Münchner Zeitung, Württemberger Zeitung,
Simplicissimus)
1905 - Birth of his son Bruno.
1906 - Unterm Rad published by S. Fischer, Berlin.
Setting up of the magazine "März". Until 1912 Hesse is co-publisher.
1909 - Birth of his second son Heiner in March
1910 - Gertrud published by Albert Langen in Munich.
1911 - Birth of his third son Martin in July. From Sept. to Dec. trip
to India with his friend, the painter Hans Sturzenegger.
1912 - Hesse leaves Germany for good and moves together with his wife
and children to Bern, into the house of his dead friend, the painter Albert Welti.
1914 - Roßhalde published in March by S. Fischer,
Berlin. At the beginning of the war Hesse volunteers but is considered unfit for service
and is assigned to the German Embassy in Bern. Numerous political essays, admonitions,
letters to the public, etc in German, Swiss and Austrian papers and magazines.
1915 - Knulp published by S. Fischer, Berlin, Musik
des Einsamen new poems published by Eugen Salzer Heilbronn, Schön ist
die Jugend published by S. Fischer, Berlin.
1916 - Death of his father. The beginning schizophrenia of his wife
and illness of his youngest son lead to Hesse`s nervous breakdown. First
psychotherapeutical treatment by J. B. Lang, scholar of C. G. Jung.
1917 - Hesse is advised to stop his journalism on contemporary issues.
First use of nom de plume Emil Sinclair. Draft of Demian.
1919 - Breaking up of the Bern household. Separation from his wife who
is in a mental institution. Leaving his children with friends. In May move to the Casa
Camuzzi in Montagnola/Ticino where he lives until 1931. Demian is
published by S. Fischer, Berlin under the nom de plume of Emil Sinclair.
1920 - Gedichte des Malers published by Seldwyla,
Bern. Klingsors letzter Sommer published by S. Fischer, Berlin.
1921 - Ausgewählte Gedichte published by S. Fischer,
Berlin. Crisis with an unproductivity of almost 11/2 years between the drafts of the first
and second part of Siddhartha. Psychonalysis with C. G. Jung.
1922 - Siddhartha published by S. Fischer, Berlin.
1923 - In July divorce from Maria Bernoulli.
1924 - Hesse obtains Swiss citizenship once more. Marriage to Ruth
Wenger.
1925 - Kurgast published by S. Fischer, Berlin.
1926 - Hesse is elected a foreign member of the department of creative
writing of the Prussian Academy of Arts, which he leaves again in 1931: I have the feeling
that, in the event of a next war, this academy will contribute a lot to the group of those
90 or 100 prominent figures, which, as in 1914, will deceive the people by order of the
government about every vital issue.
1927 - Die Nürnberger Reise und Der
Steppenwolf are both published by S. Fischer, Berlin in time for Hesse`s 50th
birthday. By request of his second wife Ruth, whom he married in 1924, their divorce takes
place.
1930 - Narziß und Goldmund published by S. Fischer,
Berlin.
1931 - Move within Montagnola into a new house, built for him by H. C.
Bodmer, and which is at his disposal for the rest of his life. He weds the arts history
expert Ninon Dolbin, nee Ausländer, who is from Czernowitz.
1932 - 1943 - Hesse writes Das Glasperlenspiel.
1934 - He becomes a member of the Swiss Club of Poets for better
protection from the Nazi cultural policies and for more efficient possibilities of
intervention for emigrated colleagues.
1935 - Politically enforced division of the S. Fischer publishers into
a German part (managed by Peter Suhrkamp) and the Emigration Publishing Company of
Gottfried Bermann Fischer whom the Nazis wont`t allow to take the publishing rights of
Hermann Hesse`s works abroad.
1936 - Hesse nevertheless has his hexameter poetry Stunden im
Garten published by Bermann Fischer`s Exile Publishing Company in Vienna. First
personal meeting with Peter Suhrkamp in September.
1937 - Gedenkblätter und Neue Gedichte
brought out by S. Fischer, Berlin.
1939 - 1945 - Hesse's works are declared undesirable in Germany. Unterm
Rad, Der Steppenwolf, Narziß und Goldmund und Eine Bibliothek der
Weltliteratur cannot be reprinted any more.
Therefore the Gesammelte Werke in Einzelausgaben, which S. Fischer had
started to print have to be continued in Switzerland by the publishers Fretz &
Wasmuth.
1942 - S. Fischer Publishers are denied printing permission for Das
Glasperlenspiel.
1943 - Fretz & Wasmuth, Zürich, publish Das
Glasperlenspiel.
1944 - The Gestapo arrests Peter Suhrkamp, Hesse's publisher.
1946 - Hesse's works can now be published in Germany again, to begin
with by "Suhrkamp Verlag vorm. S. Fischer", from 1951 on by Suhrkamp Verlag
Frankfurt/Main.
Goethe prize of the city of Frankfurt/Main.
Nobel prize.
1950 - Hesse encourages and enables Peter Suhrkamp put up his own
publishing-house, which takes place in July.
1951 - Späte Prosa und Briefe come out at Suhrkamp,
Frankfurt/Main.
1952 - Gesammelte Dichtungen in 6 volumes are
published by Suhrkamp, Frankfurt/Main as a presentation gift for Hesse's 75th
birthday.
1954 - Piktors Verwandlung published by Suhrkamp,
Frankfurt/Main.
1955 - Peace prize of the German Bookdealers.
1956 - Foundation of the Hermann Hesse prize by the support group of
the Deutsche Kunst Baden-Württemberg e. V.
1962 - Hermann Hesse dies in Montagnola, Ticino, on August 9th.
Excerpts from the chronological table in Suhrkamp
pocket books. |